Living in EstoniaA small, highly digital Baltic country with a start-up scene, forests and coastline, and cold winters. Editorial
The numbers
Main city climate-5° to 18°CColdest and warmest month averages, Tallinn · 2020
Average temperature6.2°CTallinn (whole country 6.3°C) · 2020
Price level76%Of US prices for everyday goods and services · 2025
Average spending$1,990Per person per month (international $, PPP) · 2025
Income per person$52,100GDP per person a year (international $, PPP) · 2025
Unemployment8.3%Of the labour force · 2025
Homicides1.5Per 100,000 people a year · 2023
Life expectancy79.3 yearsAt birth · 2024
Clean air6 µg/m³Average fine-particle pollution (WHO guideline: 5) · 2023
Forest57%Of the land area · 2024
City dwellers71%Of people live in cities and towns · 2025
Tax revenue22.7%Of GDP · 2024
Language and getting around Editorial
- Languages: Estonian. English is widely spoken.
- Public transport: Moderate: good in the main cities, a car helps elsewhere.
- Geography: Has a coastline, mostly flat. Capital: Tallinn.
Moving to Estonia
Visa and residence rules depend on your nationality, job, studies and family, and they change often. Start with the government's own website: www.politsei.ee.
Sources
| Indicator | Value | Year | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| GDP per person (PPP) | 52,105.51 international $ | 2025 | World Bank WDI |
| Unemployment | 8.31 % of labour force | 2025 | World Bank WDI (ILO estimate) |
| Intentional homicides | 1.54 per 100,000 people | 2023 | World Bank WDI (UNODC) |
| Political stability and absence of violence | 0.89 score, -2.5 to 2.5 | 2025 | Worldwide Governance Indicators |
| Government effectiveness (public services) | 1.5 score, -2.5 to 2.5 | 2025 | Worldwide Governance Indicators |
| Life expectancy at birth | 79.3 years | 2024 | World Bank WDI |
| Health spending per person | 2,437.84 US$ per person | 2024 | World Bank WDI (WHO) |
| Tax revenue | 22.67 % of GDP | 2024 | World Bank WDI (IMF) |
| People living in cities and towns | 70.72 % of population | 2025 | World Bank WDI (UN) |
| Forest area | 57.25 % of land | 2024 | World Bank WDI (FAO) |
| Fine-particle air pollution (PM2.5) | 5.92 µg/m³, annual mean | 2023 | World Bank WDI |
| Price level of household goods and services | 0.76 ratio, United States = 1 | 2025 | Calculated: PPP conversion factor (private consumption) / official exchange rate, World Bank WDI |
| Average household spending per person | 1,989.8 international $ per person per month | 2025 | Calculated: household consumption (PPP) / population / 12, World Bank WDI |
| Average temperature, whole country 1991-2020 | 6.3 °C | 2020 | World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal (CRU TS 4.08, 1991-2020) |
| Average temperature, main city | 6.2 °C | 2020 | NASA POWER climatology, main city |
| Coldest month average, main city | -4.7 °C | 2020 | NASA POWER climatology, main city |
| Warmest month average, main city | 18.2 °C | 2020 | NASA POWER climatology, main city |
| Rainfall, main city | 686 mm per year | 2020 | NASA POWER climatology, main city |
Data checked 2 November 2026. National averages hide differences between cities and regions. Climate figures for Tallinn are 2001–2020 averages.
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